Calibrate

校准

This is where you will find the most important settings for the Camera Calibrator tag. This is where you interactively create lines and grids that you position on your reference image. This is also where you receive feedback regarding the precision of the lines and the possible results. A brief introduction about how to position lines can be found here.

在这里您将找到最重要的设置为摄像机矫正标签。在这里，你可以交互式地创建线条和网格，并将它们放置在参考图像上。这也是您收到关于线条精确度和可能结果的反馈的地方。在这里可以找到关于如何定位线的简单介绍。

Lines

台词

Lines will be added in the Viewport whose end points can be repositioned. Lines can be selected (properties that can be adjusted will be displayed as colored elements in the Calibrate tab’s menu). Selected lines can be deleted (Del key or click on the Delete Line button) or duplicated (Ctrl + drag).

行将被添加到 Viewport 中，其结束点可以被重新定位。可以选择行(可以调整的属性将显示为校准选项卡菜单中的彩色元素)。选定的行可以被删除(Del 键或单击 Delete Line 按钮)或复制(Ctrl + drag)。

Each time you Shift + click on a line its color will change to signal the axis to which it should run parallel: Red = X; Green = Y; Blue = Z; Gray = none.

每次你移动 + 点击一条线，它的颜色就会改变，表明它应该平行运行的轴: 红 = x; 绿 = y; 蓝 = z; 灰 = 无。

If the tag is already aware of a vanishing point direction, lines that are positioned interactively will automatically be assigned the known vanishing point direction as long as they lie within a certain tolerance. These will then be displayed in a dark color and labeled, Auto’ in the Calibrate tab’s Selection menu.

如果标签已经知道消失点的方向，交互定位的线条将自动被指定已知的消失点方向，只要它们位于一定的公差范围内。然后在校准选项卡的选择菜单中以深色显示并标记为“自动”。

Add Line

添加行

Click on this button to add a new line (existing lines can be duplicated via Ctrl + click + drag).

点击这个按钮添加一个新的线条(现有的线条可以通过 Ctrl + Click + drag 复制)。

Delete Line

删除行

Click on this button to delete a selected line (a selected line can also be deleted by pressing the Del key on your keyboard).

单击此按钮可删除选定的行(也可以通过按下键盘上的 Del 键来删除选定的行)。

Grid

网格

A grid is nothing more than two connected lines (each lies parallel to a different axis) that in reality run vertically to one another. A well-placed grid (that is placed along surfaces such as windows, facades, etc.) can be enough to calibrate a camera to the correct position.

一个电网只不过是两条相互连接的线(每条线都平行于一条不同的轴线) ，实际上是垂直地相互连接的。一个放置得当的网格(沿着窗户、立面等表面放置)就足以校准相机到正确的位置。

The four grid points can be positioned individually. Grids can be selected on their outer edges (several adjustable properties are also displayed in the Calibrate tab. Selected grids can be deleted (Del. key or by clicking on the Delete Grid button) or duplicated (Ctrl + click + drag).

四个网格点可以单独定位。栅格可以选择在他们的外边缘(几个可调的属性也显示在校准标签。选定的网格可以被删除(Del.key 或单击 Delete Grid 按钮)或复制(Ctrl + click + drag)。

Each time you Shift + click on a grid its color and that of its parallel counterpart will change to signal the axis to which it should run parallel: Red = X; Green = Y; Blue = Z; Gray = none.

每次你 Shift + 点击一个网格，它的颜色和它的平行对应物的颜色都会改变，以表明它应该平行运行的轴: 红色 = x; 绿色 = y; 蓝色 = z; 灰色 = 无。

Add Grid

添加网格

Click on this button to add a new grid (alternatively, an existing grid can be duplicated by via Ctrl + click + drag).

单击这个按钮添加一个新网格(或者，通过 Ctrl + Click + drag 复制现有网格)。

Delete Grid

删除网格

Click on this button to delete a selected grid (a selected grid can also be deleted by pressing the Del key on your keyboard.

单击此按钮可删除选定的网格(也可以通过按下键盘上的 Del 键来删除选定的网格。

Pin

别针

A Pin is displayed in the form of a small orange circle in the Viewport. It can be moved with the cursor and will lock to line and grid points. Shift + clicking on the Pin will release it and it can be repositioned.

一个图钉以一个小的橙色圆圈的形式显示在视窗中。它可以用光标移动，并将锁定到行和网格点。移动 + 点击引脚将释放它，它可以重新定位。

What is a Pin? Camera focal length and orientation can be defined using vanishing points but the exact position of the camera within the scene (incl. the definition of scale) can only be achieved if fixed points exist both in the reference image (locked onto a defined line or grid point with a corresponding length) and within the Cinema 4D Project itself (that can be defined in the Coordinates settings; this is by default the world origin). This is what the Pin does.

什么是针？相机焦距和方向可以定义使用消失点，但确切的位置相机在场景(包括。只有当参考图像(锁定在一条定义线或一个具有相应长度的网格点上)和Cinema 4D 项目本身(可以在坐标设置中定义，默认是世界原点)中存在固定点时，才能实现比例的定义。这就是别针的工作。

Without Pins you would have to position 3D objects you want rendered as part of an image manually until they are positioned correctly. With Pins you can, for example, Flabio can be scaled perfectly according to his actual height of 1.98 m.

如果没有引脚，你将不得不手动定位你想渲染的3D 对象，直到它们被正确定位为图像的一部分。例如，你可以使用大头针，根据他的实际身高1.98米来完美地缩放大头针。

Add Pin

添加引脚

Click on this button to add a Pin (only one Pin per Camera Calibrator tag can be added).

单击此按钮添加一个针(每个摄像机矫正标记只能添加一个针)。

Delete Pin

删除别针

Click on this button to delete a Pin.

点击这个按钮删除图钉。

Selection

选择

In the Viewport you can interactively select Camera Calibrator tag elements. Several elements linked to the elements and selections will be displayed:

在 Viewport 中，您可以交互式地选择 Camera calibration 标记元素。将显示与元素和选择相关的几个元素:

Selected Lines:

精选系列:

Line

第一行

The information displayed shows if the selected line has been assigned to a vanishing point axis (e.g., for manual assignment, X OK’ or automatic assignment, X (Auto) OK). Lines not assigned will be marked, (Auto) XXXX.

显示的信息显示所选行是否被分配到一个消失点轴(例如，对于手动分配，x OK’或自动分配，x (自动) OK)。未分配的行将被标记为，(自动) XXXX。

Known Length

已知长度

Enable the corresponding option and enter a value, if known (this is the only way a camera position can be clearly defined in conjunction with a locked Pin). The line will then be marked at its ends by 2 perpendicular strokes in the Viewport.

启用相应的选项，并输入一个值，如果已知(这是唯一的方式，相机的位置可以清楚地定义与锁定的引脚)。这条线的两端将在 Viewport 用2条垂直线标记。

Otherwise a line length calculated by the tag itself can be displayed here.

否则，可以在这里显示由标记本身计算的行长度。

Selected Grid:

选定网格:

Grid

网格

Known vanishing points will be displayed here.

已知的消失点将显示在这里。

Known LengthX, Y, Z

已知纵长 x，y，z

Enable the corresponding option if you know the length of a given edge and enter the edge’s length (this is the only way a camera position and be clearly defined in conjunction with a Pin locked on the corner of a grid). Lines with known lengths will be marked at their ends by 2 perpendicular strokes in the Viewport.

如果你知道一个给定边缘的长度，并且输入边缘的长度，那么启用相应的选项(这是唯一的方法来定义一个摄像机的位置，并且清楚地定义与一个锁定在网格角落的大头针一起)。在 Viewport，已知长度的线条在两端用2条垂直线条标记。

Aspect

方面

If you know the grid’s aspect ratio, this value can be entered into the corresponding field. In most cases this will not be necessary, but when working with special calibrations (e.g., if one of the vanishing points lies an infinite distance away), entering the correct aspect ratio can be very useful and might also be the only way to reconstruct the correct angle and aperture (it can suffice to enter an approximate value).

如果您知道网格的纵横比，则可以将此值输入到相应的字段中。在大多数情况下，这是不必要的，但是当使用特殊的校准时(例如，如果一个消失点在无限远的地方) ，输入正确的长宽比是非常有用的，也可能是重建正确的角度和孔径的唯一方法(只要输入一个 Circa 就可以了)。

If this option is not enabled the aspect ratio will be calculated automatically.

如果未启用此选项，将自动计算宽高比。

Selected Pin:

精选图钉:

Coordinates

坐标

Normally, the Pin represents the world origin, which is why it is placed at 0,0,0 by default. A Pin can, however, be positioned anywhere in the scene using the coordinate values. Details about Pins can be found above.

通常，Pin 代表世界起源，这就是为什么它默认设置为0,0,0。然而，图钉可以使用坐标值在场景中的任何地方定位。关于引脚的详细信息可以在上面找到。

Display Settings

显示设置

Axis
Axis
Offset
Offset
Segments
Segments

轴偏移量偏移段

By clicking on the small arrow to the left of Display Settings, a menu will open with whose settings you can modify the appearance of the grid. You can change the number of lines (Segments) and the arrangement of lines (Offset) per axis.

单击“显示设置”左侧的小箭头，菜单将打开，其中的设置可以修改网格的外观。您可以更改每个轴的线条数(线段)和线条排列(偏移量)。

Color-coded display

彩色编码显示

The purpose of camera calibration is to reconstruct the camera position and aperture, i.e., both of the color fields marked above must be green. Lines or grids have to be positioned on the reference image until these two fields turn green (however, there are instances in which this can’t work - see Limitations.

相机标定的目的是重建相机的位置和光圈，也就是说，上面标记的两个颜色区域必须是绿色的。线条或网格必须定位在参考图像上，直到这两个字段变成绿色(然而，在有些情况下，这不能工作——请参阅限制。

In the examples below are some examples of how lines and grids can be positioned (of course it helps if posters and other elements are hung perfectly vertically; corners of rooms or door frames are better reference objects).

下面的例子是一些线条和网格如何定位的例子(当然，如果海报和其他元素垂直完美地挂起会有所帮助; 房间或门框的角落是更好的参考对象)。

Calibration Status and color-coded display

校准状态和彩色编码显示

The color-coded display for reconstructed elements consists of three colors:

重建元素的颜色编码显示由三种颜色组成:

• Red 红色: No solution found : 找不到解决办法
• Yellow 黄色: Indirect solution found - large discrepancies possible * 找到间接解决办法——可能存在较大差异
• Green 绿色: Solution with good accuracy found : 找到准确性好的解决方案
If the calculation does not have to be 100% accurate, yellow (indirect solution) can be acceptable. 3D elements placed over the reference image will look convincingly enough even with minor inaccuracies with regard to perspective and aperture when the scene is rendered. 如果计算不必100% 准确，黄色(间接解)是可以接受的。当渲染场景时，放置在参考图像上的3D 元素看起来足够令人信服，即使在透视和光圈方面存在较小的误差

If a high degree of accuracy is required you should make sure all color fields are green. Particularly when working with natural settings or organic shapes it can be difficult or impossible to locate perpendicular shapes for positioning lines or grids. This is where you have to use your best judgment when setting up your camera calibration.

如果需要高精度，你应该确保所有的颜色字段都是绿色的。特别是在处理自然环境或有机形状时，很难或不可能找到垂直形状的定位线或网格。这是你必须使用你的最佳判断时，设置你的摄像机矫正。

At the right of each color field is a comment regarding an element’s definition, i.e., whether its definition was successful (Solved) or not (Unsolved). Additional comments / information are explained below:

在每个颜色字段的右边是一个关于元素定义的注释，例如，它的定义是否成功(解决)或者不成功(未解决)。其他意见/资料如下:

X Vanishing Point
Y Vanishing Point
Z Vanishing Point

尖锐的消失点

To calibrate a camera, at least 2 axes that lie on 2 parallel lines within the (real-world) reference image must be marked (the line pairs must, of course, lie perpendicular to each other). The vanishing point for the third axis can be determined automatically from the first two. For a higher degree of accuracy, the lines of the third axis should also be defined, if possible (which can be difficult, depending on the reference image).

为了校准摄像机，必须标记(真实世界)参考图像中位于两条平行线上的至少两个轴(线对当然必须彼此垂直)。第三个轴的消失点可以从前两个轴自动确定。为了获得更高的精度，如果可能的话，还应该定义第三个轴的线(这可能很困难，取决于参考图像)。

The following comments can appear next to the color-coded fields:

下面的注释可以出现在标有颜色的字段旁边:

• Unsolved (Insufficient lines) 未解决(线数不足): Additional lines should be positioned for the given axis. : 应为给定的轴定位其他线条
• Unsolved (Inconsistent lines) 未解(不一致行): Lines are marked incorrectly : 行标记不正确
• Solved (---) 解决(--): The corresponding vanishing point could not be ascertained. A static error calculation (value in parentheses) is not possible with 2 lines. : 无法确定相应的消失点。静态误差计算(圆括号中的值)不可能用2行
• Solved ( 解决(e.g., 例如: 0.01): For at least 2 lines per axis the vanishing point cannot be ascertained using a static error calculation. The smaller this value is, the more precisely the vanishing point was calculated. 对于每轴至少2条线，用静态误差计算无法确定消失点。这个值越小，计算出的消失点就越精确

Note: Don’t only position lines to achieve a very low error value. Position lines to best match the elements in the reference image (otherwise you might end up achieving a low error value but you won’t have the best possible position for the camera).

注意: 不要仅仅为了获得一个非常低的错误值而定位线条。定位线以便最好地匹配参考图像中的元素(否则您可能最终获得一个较低的错误值，但您不会有相机的最佳位置)。

Camera Focal length
Camera Orientation

摄像机焦距延长摄像机定位

Focal length and orientation can be calculated when all three vanishing points are marked as solved.

当所有三个消失点都标记为已解时，焦距和方向就可以计算出来。

Camera Position

摄像机位置

The exact camera position can only be calculated if a Pin (see below) is added and locked onto a line endpoint or grid corner point AND a line length or grid side length is numerically defined (e.g., Known Length X).

只有当一个引脚(见下文)被添加并锁定在一个线性端点或网格角点上，并且一个线长或网格侧长度被数字定义(例如，已知长度 x)时，才能计算出准确的摄像机位置。

The following comments can appear next to the color-coded fields:

下面的注释可以出现在标有颜色的字段旁边:

• Unsolved 未解决的: The camera’s position has not been defined (a Pin must be added). : 相机的位置尚未确定(必须添加一个 Pin)
• Solved 解决了: Assumed distance. The Pin was not locked onto a line end point or grid corner or a numeric length value has not been entered. In this state, the camera can still be moved in the direction of view (no reference point for size ratio has been defined within the Project). : 假定距离。引脚没有锁定在行端点或网格角上，或者没有输入数字长度值。在这种状态下，相机仍然可以移动到视线的方向(在项目中没有定义尺寸比的参考点)
• Solved 解决了: The camera position has been defined (the Pin with is at its default world coordinates of : 相机的位置已经定义(Pin 的位置是默认的世界坐标0,0,0). The camera can no longer be moved. )。照相机不能再移动了

35mm Equiv. Focal Length

35mm 等焦距

35mm Equiv. Focal Length is a common term to describe focal length (which is also dependent on the aperture size).

35毫米等焦距是描述焦距的常用术语(这也取决于光圈大小)。

Projecting the reference image for rendering

为渲染投影参考图像

After the camera has been calibrated (i.e., at least Camera Orientation and Camera Focal Length color fields are green), 3D objects can be added to the scene.

在相机被校准之后(比如，至少相机方向和相机焦距颜色字段是绿色的) ，3D 物体可以被添加到场景中。

Objects that serve as dummy objects for other objects in the reference image have to be added, e.g., a floor or furnishings – of which the former can serve as shadow catcher and the latter as objects behind which a 3D character can walk, etc. This is what the Create Camera Mapping Tag function is for. The reference image must be visible in the empty regions when the scene is rendered. This is what the Create Background Object function is for.

作为参考图像中其他物体的虚拟物体必须添加，例如，地板或家具 -- 前者可以作为影子捕捉器，后者可以作为3D 人物可以行走的物体，等等。这就是 Create Camera Mapping Tag 函数的作用。在渲染场景时，参考图像必须在空白区域中可见。这就是创建背景对象函数的作用。

The squash playing monster we introduced earlier would then appear like this in the scene:

我们之前介绍的壁球游戏中的怪物就会出现在这个场景中:

Of course the camera with the Camera Calibrator tag should be used for rendering (enable the Use as Render View option for that Viewport).

当然，带有 Camera calibator 标记的相机应该用于渲染(启用该 Viewport 的 Use as Render View 选项)。

Create Camera Mapping Tag

创建相机映射标签

The following will happen when you click on the Create Camera Mapping Tag button:

当你点击创建相机映射标签按钮时会发生以下情况:

• A Material tag will be created (a corresponding material will also be created with the reference image in the Luminance channel) that will be assigned to the camera. 材质标签将被创建(一个相应的材质也将被创建与亮度通道中的参考图像) ，这将被分配给相机
• This tag will project the reference image in the 此标记将在Projection 投影Camera Mapping 相机测绘 parameter. 参数
• This tag can now be assigned to specific objects in the Project (simply drag it from the camera onto a given object). The reference image will then be projected onto these objects making the illusion perfect. 该标记现在可以分配给 Project 中的特定对象(只需将其从相机拖动到给定对象上)。然后参考图像将投影到这些物体上，使幻觉完美

Create Background Object

创建背景对象

Clicking on this button will generate a Background object with the reference image projected onto it (the corresponding Texture tat and material will also be generated). Empty regions (i.e., where no objects have been placed) will also be filled when the Project is rendered.

点击这个按钮将生成一个背景对象，并将参考图像投影到它上面(相应的纹理纹身和材质也将生成)。在呈现项目时，也将填充空白区域(即没有放置对象的区域)。