Subdivision Surface

细分曲面

Subdivision Surface

细分曲面

For character designing especially, but for general modeling also, Subdivision Surfaces is one of the most powerful sculpting tools available to the 3D artist. With point weighting, edge weighting and the subdivision surfaces of Subdivision Surface, you can craft any shape at all — from high performance sports cars to characters that you can pose and animate easily.

对于人物设计，尤其是一般建模，细分曲面是一个最强大的雕刻工具，可用于三维艺术家。通过点加权、边缘加权和细分曲面的细分表面，你可以制作任何形状---- 从高性能跑车到你可以轻松摆姿势和动画的角色。

Subdivision Surfaces objects are also well-suited to animation. Complex objects can be created using a relatively low number of control points. To animate these objects — perhaps using PLA or Soft IK — you animate these control points. This is a far quicker and easier process than, for example, using PLA to animate a character that has over 100,000 polygons.

细分曲面对象也非常适合动画。可以使用相对较少的控制点创建复杂对象。为了使这些对象有动画效果(可能使用 PLA 或 Soft IK) ，你需要使这些控制点有动画效果。这是一个更快更容易的过程，比如，使用 PLA 来制作一个有超过100,000个多边形的角色。

The Subdivision Surface object uses an algorithm to subdivide and round the object interactively — a process termed subdivision surfaces. This is an extremely quick and simple way to create organic forms or, with the help of edge and point weighting, firmer shapes also. There are various ways to go about building your Subdivision Surface models. Techniques include starting from a simple object such as a cube or creating the points manually one by one (join them together with the Bridge tool or Create Polygon tool).

细分曲面对象使用一种算法来交互式地细分和围绕对象---- 一个称为细分曲面的过程。这是一个非常快速和简单的方式来创建有机形式，或借助边缘和点加权，也更坚定的形状。有很多种方法可以建立你的细分曲面模型。技术包括从一个简单的对象(如立方体)开始，或手动一个接一个地创建点(使用桥接工具或创建多边形工具将它们连接在一起)。

If you start with a Cube object, convert the cube to polygons with the Make Editable command and use tools from the Structure menu to extrude, bevel, knife and so on to craft the surface. To firm up the model, use point, edge and polygon weighting.

如果你从一个 Cube 对象开始，使用 Make Editable 命令将立方体转换为多边形，并使用 Structure 菜单中的工具来进行挤压、斜角、刀等工艺表面。使用点、边、多边形加权来确定模型的稳定性。

Although in principle you can use any type of object with Subdivision Surface, most of the time you will work with polygons so that you can use the various polygon tools such as Knife and Bevel.

虽然原则上你可以使用任何类型的对象与细分曲面，大部分时间你将与多边形工作，以便您可以使用各种多边形工具，如刀和斜面。

Weighting Subdivision Surface models

权重/细分曲面模型

You can weight Subdivision Surface models in one of two ways: interactively, or manually using the Live Selection tool.

你可以通过以下两种方式来权衡细分曲面模型: 交互式，或者手动使用 Live Selection 工具。

Interactive weighting

交互式称重

Select the elements (i.e. points, edges or polygons) that you want to weight. Hold down the period key (.) and drag left or right to set the weighting for the selected elements. The more weight you apply, the harder the surface will try to reach it.

选择要权重的元素(即点、边或多边形)。按住句号键(.)并向左或向右拖动以设置所选元素的权重。你施加的重量越多，表面就越难达到它。

To set the minimum and maximum weighting that you can apply by dragging, select the Live Selection tool and, in the Attribute Manager, enter the desired values into the Interactive Minimum and Maximum boxes.

要设置可以通过拖动应用的最小和最大权重，请选择“实时选择”工具，然后在属性管理器中，在“交互式最小和最大权重”框中输入所需的值。

Three modes are available: Point, Edge and Polygon (note that the weighting can fail, depending on which algorithm is used - and contrary to the Catmull-Clark-only scanrio shown in the image below).

有三种模式可用: 点、边和多边形(注意加权可能失败，这取决于使用的是哪种算法——与下图所示的 catmull-clark 只扫描图相反)。

Point mode

点模式

To weight selected points, hold down the period key (‘.’) and drag. To weight selected points and all edges connected to them, hold down the period key and Shift+drag. To weight selected points and the edges between them, hold down the period key and Ctrl/Cmd+drag.

若要加权选定的点，请按住句号键(“ . ”)拖曳。要权重选定的点和所有连接到他们的边缘，按住周期键和移动 + 拖动。若要权衡选定点和它们之间的边缘，请按住句点键并按住 Ctrl/Cmd + drag。

Edge mode

边缘模式

To weight selected edges, hold down the period key (‘.’) and drag. To weight selected edges and all points connected to them, hold down the period key and Shift+drag. To weight selected edges and their shared points, hold down the period key and Ctrl/Cmd+drag.

若要加权选定的边缘，请按住周期键(“ . ”)拖曳。要权重选定的边缘和所有连接到他们的点，按住周期键和移动 + 拖动。若要加权选定边缘及其共享点，请按住句点键并按 Ctrl/Cmd + 拖动。

Polygon mode

多边形模式

To weight all points and edges of the selected polygons, hold down the period key (‘.’) and drag. To weight only the edges of the selected polygons, hold down the period key and Ctrl/Cmd+drag.

若要加权选定多边形的所有点和边，请按住周期键(“ . ”)拖曳。若要只加权选定多边形的边缘，请按住句点键并按住 Ctrl/Cmd + drag。

Manual weighting

人工称重

Select the elements (i.e. points, edges or polygons) that you want to weight. Select the Live Selection tool. You can now edit the Subdivision Surface weighting parameters in the Attribute Manager on the Subdivision Surface Weights tab.

选择要权重的元素(即点、边或多边形)。选择实时选择工具。你现在可以在属性管理器的细分曲面/细分曲面权重标签中编辑加权参数。

To assign a specific weight to the selected elements such as 60%, set Mode to Set, set Strength to the desired value and click the Set button. To add or subtract weight, set Mode to Add or Sub, set Strength to the amount that you want to add or subtract and click Set.

若要为选定的元素(如60%)分配特定的权重，请将“模式”设置为“设置” ，将“强度”设置为所需的值，并单击“设置”按钮。若要添加或减少重量，请将模式设置为添加或减少，将力量设置为要添加或减少的数量，然后单击“设置”。

Modeling with Subdivision Surface

用细分曲面建模

Keep the following in mind when modeling with Subdivision Surface:

当你和细分曲面一起做模特的时候，记住以下几点:

• A polygon should have one neighbor only per edge, otherwise the surface will tear. Sometimes you can repair a torn surface with the 一个多边形的每条边应该只有一个邻居，否则表面将撕裂。有时候，你可以用这种方法来修复撕裂的表面Optimize 优化 command from the 命令来自Mesh | Remove 网格 | 删除 menu. 菜单

• Only connected polygons are rounded. To see which polygons are connected, select a surface, then use 只有连接的多边形是圆形的。要查看哪些多边形是连接的，请选择一个表面，然后使用Select / Select Connected 选择/选择已连接. If you want to connect overlapping polygons, use the 。如果要连接重叠的多边形，请使用Mesh / Remove / Optimize 网格/删除/优化 command. 命令

The sides of the cube are not connected to one another (left). The cube on the right is one piece.

立方体的边没有相互连接(左边)。右边的立方体是一个部件。

• Use rectangles in preference to triangles — triangles tend to disrupt the smooth flow of the Subdivision Surface surface. However, do not be afraid to use triangles if you must. Place the triangles in areas where there are lots of points close together, to confine the distortion to a small area. You can often avoid visible distortion by tucking the triangles away in the less critical areas. 优先使用矩形而不是三角形---- 三角形会破坏细分曲面表面的平滑流动。但是，如果必须的话，不要害怕使用三角形。把这些三角形放在有许多点靠近的地方，将畸变限制在一个小的区域内。你通常可以通过将三角形隐藏在不太重要的区域来避免可见的扭曲

• (1) Q switches the Subdivision Surfaces on and off, i.e., toggles between cage display and subdivision surfaces display. 开关细分曲面，即在笼形显示和细分曲面显示之间切换
• (2) Hold down the (2)按住9 key to temporarily switch on the Live Selection tool. Drag over points, edges or polygons (whichever mode is active) to select. 关键暂时开关的生活选择工具。拖过点、边或多边形(以活动模式为准)来选择

Examples

例子

On the left of the image above are the modeled mesh objects and the same models after being smoothed with a Subdivision Surfaces object on the right. You can also model technical models with sharp edges. Sharp edges on Subdivision Surfaces objects always result at those locations with detailed geometry. Sharp edges are also created where parallel edges lie very close to each other where geometry curves. The can in the image above was created using a low-res Lathe objects. The polygon object was made editable and subsequently fine-tuned using structure tools. The opening tab is a separate object.

在上面的图像的左边是模型的网格对象和相同的模型后，被平滑的细分曲面对象的权利。你也可以用锋利的边缘建立技术模型。细分曲面物体上的锐边总是在那些具有详细几何图形的位置产生。锐利的边缘也创造了平行的边非常接近彼此的地方几何曲线。上图中的罐子是使用低分辨率车床对象创建的。多边形对象是可编辑的，随后使用结构化工具进行精细调整。开口标签是一个单独的对象。